Explanatory notes
… staple and waste fibres are passed through machines which render the fibres more or less parallel, and deliver … as “tops”. Tops are also made directly from filament tow by what are known as “tow‑to‑top” processes. The tow is passed … carding or, usually, both carding and combing. Slivers, whether produced by carding, combing or by the “tow‑to‑top” …