World Customs OrganizationNotes.
1.‑ This Section does not cover :
(a) Prepared paints, inks or other products with a basis of metallic flakes or powder (headings 32.07 to 32.10, 32.12, 32.13 or 32.15);
(b) Ferro‑cerium or other pyrophoric alloys (heading 36.06);
(c) Headgear or parts thereof of heading 65.06 or 65.07;
(d) Umbrella frames or other articles of heading 66.03;
(e) Goods of Chapter 71 (for example, precious metal alloys, base metal clad with precious metal, imitation jewellery);
(f) Articles of Section XVI (machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical goods);
(g) Assembled railway or tramway track (heading 86.08) or other articles of Section XVII (vehicles, ships and boats, aircraft);
(h) Instruments or apparatus of Section XVIII, including clock or watch springs;
(ij) Lead shot prepared for ammunition (heading 93.06) or other articles of Section XIX (arms and ammunition);
(k) Articles of Chapter 94 (for example, furniture, mattress supports, luminaires and lighting fittings, illuminated signs, prefabricated buildings);
(l) Articles of Chapter 95 (for example, toys, games, sports requisites);
(m) Hand sieves, buttons, pens, pencil-holders, pen nibs, monopods, bipods, tripods and similar articles or other articles of Chapter 96 (miscellaneous manufactured articles); or
(n) Articles of Chapter 97 (for example, works of art).
2.‑ Throughout the Nomenclature, the expression “parts of general use” means :
(a) Articles of heading 73.07, 73.12, 73.15, 73.17 or 73.18 and similar articles of other base metal, other than articles specially designed for use exclusively in implants in medical, surgical, dental or veterinary sciences (heading 90.21);
(b) Springs and leaves for springs, of base metal, other than clock or watch springs (heading 91.14); and
(c) Articles of headings 83.01, 83.02, 83.08, 83.10 and frames and mirrors, of base metal, of heading 83.06.
In Chapters 73 to 76 and 78 to 82 (but not in heading 73.15) references to parts of goods do not include references to parts of general use as defined above.
Subject to the preceding paragraph and to Note 1 to Chapter 83, the articles of Chapter 82 or 83 are excluded from Chapters 72 to 76 and 78 to 81.
3.- Throughout the Nomenclature, the expression “base metals” means : iron and steel, copper, nickel, aluminium, lead, zinc, tin, tungsten (wolfram), molybdenum, tantalum, magnesium, cobalt, bismuth, cadmium, titanium, zirconium, antimony, manganese, beryllium, chromium, germanium, vanadium, gallium, hafnium, indium, niobium (columbium), rhenium and thallium.
4.- Throughout the Nomenclature, the term “cermets” means products containing a microscopic heterogeneous combination of a metallic component and a ceramic component. The term “cermets” includes sintered metal carbides (metal carbides sintered with a metal).
5.‑ Classification of alloys (other than ferro‑alloys and master alloys as defined in Chapters 72 and 74) :
(a) An alloy of base metals is to be classified as an alloy of the metal which predominates by weight over each of the other metals;
(b) An alloy composed of base metals of this Section and of elements not falling within this Section is to be treated as an alloy of base metals of this Section if the total weight of such metals equals or exceeds the total weight of the other elements present;
(c) In this Section the term “alloys” includes sintered mixtures of metal powders, heterogeneous intimate mixtures obtained by melting (other than cermets) and intermetallic compounds.
6.‑ Unless the context otherwise requires, any reference in the Nomenclature to a base metal includes a reference to alloys which, by virtue of Note 5 above, are to be classified as alloys of that metal.
7.‑ Classification of composite articles :
Except where the headings otherwise require, articles of base metal (including articles of mixed materials treated as articles of base metal under the General Interpretative Rules) containing two or more base metals are to be treated as articles of the base metal predominating by weight over each of the other metals.
For this purpose :
(a) Iron and steel, or different kinds of iron or steel, are regarded as one and the same metal;
(b) An alloy is regarded as being entirely composed of that metal as an alloy of which, by virtue of Note 5, it is classified; and
(c) A cermet of heading 81.13 is regarded as a single base metal.
8.‑ In this Section, the following expressions have the meanings hereby assigned to them :
(a) Waste and scrap
(i) All metal waste and scrap;
(ii) Metal goods definitely not usable as such because of breakage, cutting up, wear or other reasons.
(b) Powders
Products of which 90 % or more by weight passes through a sieve having a mesh aperture of 1 mm.
9.- For the purposes of Chapters 74 to 76 and 78 to 81, the following expressions have the meanings hereby assigned to them :
(a) Bars and rods
Rolled, extruded, drawn or forged products, not in coils, which have a uniform solid cross-section along their whole length in the shape of circles, ovals, rectangles (including squares), equilateral triangles or regular convex polygons (including “flattened circles” and “modified rectangles”, of which two opposite sides are convex arcs, the other two sides being straight, of equal length and parallel). Products with a rectangular (including square), triangular or polygonal cross-section may have corners rounded along their whole length. The thickness of such products which have a rectangular (including “modified rectangular”) cross-section exceeds one-tenth of the width. The expression also covers cast or sintered products, of the same forms and dimensions, which have been subsequently worked after production (otherwise than by simple trimming or de-scaling), provided that they have not thereby assumed the character of articles or products of other headings.
Wire-bars and billets of Chapter 74 with their ends tapered or otherwise worked simply to facilitate their entry into machines for converting them into, for example, drawing stock (wire-rod) or tubes, are however to be taken to be unwrought copper of heading 74.03. This provision applies mutatis mutandis to the products of Chapter 81.
(b) Profiles
Rolled, extruded, drawn, forged or formed products, coiled or not, of a uniform cross-section along their whole length, which do not conform to any of the definitions of bars, rods, wire, plates, sheets, strip, foil, tubes or pipes. The expression also covers cast or sintered products, of the same forms, which have been subsequently worked after production (otherwise than by simple trimming or de-scaling), provided that they have not thereby assumed the character of articles or products of other headings.
(c) Wire
Rolled, extruded or drawn products, in coils, which have a uniform solid cross-section along their whole length in the shape of circles, ovals, rectangles (including squares), equilateral triangles or regular convex polygons (including “flattened circles” and “modified rectangles”, of which two opposite sides are convex arcs, the other two sides being straight, of equal length and parallel). Products with a rectangular (including square), triangular or polygonal cross-section may have corners rounded along their whole length. The thickness of such products which have a rectangular (including “modified rectangular”) cross-section exceeds one-tenth of the width.
(d) Plates, sheets, strip and foil
Flat-surfaced products (other than the unwrought products), coiled or not, of solid rectangular (other than square) cross-section with or without rounded corners (including “modified rectangles” of which two opposite sides are convex arcs, the other two sides being straight, of equal length and parallel) of a uniform thickness, which are :
- of rectangular (including square) shape with a thickness not exceeding one-tenth of the width;
- of a shape other than rectangular or square, of any size, provided that they do not assume the character of articles or products of other headings.
Headings for plates, sheets, strip, and foil apply, inter alia, to plates, sheets, strip, and foil with patterns (for example, grooves, ribs, chequers, tears, buttons, lozenges) and to such products which have been perforated, corrugated, polished or coated, provided that they do not thereby assume the character of articles or products of other headings.
(e) Tubes and pipes
Hollow products, coiled or not, which have a uniform cross-section with only one enclosed void along their whole length in the shape of circles, ovals, rectangles (including squares), equilateral triangles or regular convex polygons, and which have a uniform wall thickness. Products with a rectangular (including square), equilateral triangular or regular convex polygonal cross-section, which may have corners rounded along their whole length, are also to be considered as tubes and pipes provided the inner and outer cross-sections are concentric and have the same form and orientation. Tubes and pipes of the foregoing cross-sections may be polished, coated, bent, threaded, drilled, waisted, expanded, cone-shaped or fitted with flanges, collars or rings.
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Notes.
1.‑ In this Chapter and, in the case of Notes (d), (e) and (f) throughout the Nomenclature, the following expressions have the meanings hereby assigned to them :
(a) Pig iron
Iron‑carbon alloys not usefully malleable, containing more than 2 % by weight of carbon and which may contain by weight one or more other elements within the following limits :
‑ not more than 10 % of chromium
‑ not more than 6 % of manganese
‑ not more than 3 % of phosphorus
‑ not more than 8 % of silicon
‑ a total of not more than 10 % of other elements.
(b) Spiegeleisen
Iron‑carbon alloys containing by weight more than 6 % but not more than 30 % of manganese and otherwise conforming to the specification at (a) above.
(c) Ferro‑alloys
Alloys in pigs, blocks, lumps or similar primary forms, in forms obtained by continuous casting and also in granular or powder forms, whether or not agglomerated, commonly used as an additive in the manufacture of other alloys or as de‑oxidants, de‑sulphurising agents or for similar uses in ferrous metallurgy and generally not usefully malleable, containing by weight 4 % or more of the element iron and one or more of the following :
‑ more than 10 % of chromium
‑ more than 30 % of manganese
‑ more than 3 % of phosphorus
‑ more than 8 % of silicon
‑ a total of more than 10 % of other elements, excluding carbon, subject to a maximum content of 10 % in the case of copper.
(d) Steel
Ferrous materials other than those of heading 72.03 which (with the exception of certain types produced in the form of castings) are usefully malleable and which contain by weight 2 % or less of carbon. However, chromium steels may contain higher proportions of carbon.
(e) Stainless steel
Alloy steels containing, by weight, 1.2 % or less of carbon and 10.5 % or more of chromium, with or without other elements.
(f) Other alloy steel
Steels not complying with the definition of stainless steel and containing by weight one or more of the following elements in the proportion shown :
‑ 0.3 % or more of aluminium
‑ 0.0008 % or more of boron
‑ 0.3 % or more of chromium
‑ 0.3 % or more of cobalt
‑ 0.4 % or more of copper
‑ 0.4 % or more of lead
‑ 1.65 % or more of manganese
‑ 0.08 % or more of molybdenum
‑ 0.3 % or more of nickel
‑ 0.06 % or more of niobium
‑ 0.6 % or more of silicon
‑ 0.05 % or more of titanium
‑ 0.3 % or more of tungsten (wolfram)
‑ 0.1 % or more of vanadium
‑ 0.05 % or more of zirconium
‑ 0.1 % or more of other elements (except sulphur, phosphorus, carbon and nitrogen), taken separately.
(g) Remelting scrap ingots of iron or steel
Products roughly cast in the form of ingots without feeder‑heads or hot tops, or of pigs, having obvious surface faults and not complying with the chemical composition of pig iron, spiegeleisen or ferro‑alloys.
(h) Granules
Products of which less than 90 % by weight passes through a sieve with a mesh aperture of 1 mm and of which 90 % or more by weight passes through a sieve with a mesh aperture of 5 mm.
(ij) Semi‑finished products
Continuous cast products of solid section, whether or not subjected to primary hot‑rolling; and Other products of solid section, which have not been further worked than subjected to primary hot‑rolling or roughly shaped by forging, including blanks for angles, shapes or sections.
These products are not presented in coils.
(k) Flat‑rolled products
Rolled products of solid rectangular (other than square) cross‑section, which do not conform to the definition at (ij) above in the form of :
‑ coils of successively superimposed layers, or
‑ straight lengths, which if of a thickness less than 4.75 mm are of a width measuring at least ten times the thickness or if of a thickness of 4.75 mm or more are of a width which exceeds 150 mm and measures at least twice the thickness.
Flat‑rolled products include those with patterns in relief derived directly from rolling (for example, grooves, ribs, chequers, tears, buttons, lozenges) and those which have been perforated, corrugated or polished, provided that they do not thereby assume the character of articles or products of other headings.
Flat‑rolled products of a shape other than rectangular or square, of any size, are to be classified as products of a width of 600 mm or more, provided that they do not assume the character of articles or products of other headings.
(l) Bars and rods, hot-rolled, in irregularly wound coils
Hot-rolled products in irregularly wound coils, which have a solid cross-section in the shape of circles, segments of circles, ovals, rectangles (including squares), triangles or other convex polygons (including “flattened circles” and “modified rectangles”, of which two opposite sides are convex arcs, the other two sides being straight, of equal length and parallel). These products may have indentations, ribs, grooves or other deformations produced during the rolling process (reinforcing bars and rods).
(m) Other bars and rods
Products which do not conform to any of the definitions at (ij), (k) or (l) above or to the definition of wire, which have a uniform solid cross-section along their whole length in the shape of circles, segments of circles, ovals, rectangles (including squares), triangles or other convex polygons (including “flattened circles” and “modified rectangles”, of which two opposite sides are convex arcs, the other two sides being straight, of equal length and parallel). These products may :
- have indentations, ribs, grooves or other deformations produced during the rolling process (reinforcing bars and rods);
- be twisted after rolling.
(n) Angles, shapes and sections
Products having a uniform solid cross‑section along their whole length which do not conform to any of the definitions at (ij), (k), (l) or (m) above or to the definition of wire.
Chapter 72 does not include products of heading 73.01 or 73.02.
(o) Wire
Cold‑formed products in coils, of any uniform solid cross‑section along their whole length, which do not conform to the definition of flat‑rolled products.
(p) Hollow drill bars and rods
Hollow bars and rods of any cross‑section, suitable for drills, of which the greatest external dimension of the cross‑section exceeds 15 mm but does not exceed 52 mm, and of which the greatest internal dimension does not exceed one half of the greatest external dimension. Hollow bars and rods of iron or steel not conforming to this definition are to be classified in heading 73.04.
2.‑ Ferrous metals clad with another ferrous metal are to be classified as products of the ferrous metal predominating by weight.
3.‑ Iron or steel products obtained by electrolytic deposition, by pressure casting or by sintering are to be classified, according to their form, their composition and their appearance, in the headings of this Chapter appropriate to similar hot‑rolled products.
Subheading Notes.
1.‑ In this Chapter the following expressions have the meanings hereby assigned to them :
(a) Alloy pig iron
Pig iron containing, by weight, one or more of the following elements in the specified proportions :
‑ more than 0.2 % of chromium
‑ more than 0.3 % of copper
‑ more than 0.3 % of nickel
‑ more than 0.1 % of any of the following elements : aluminium, molybdenum, titanium, tungsten (wolfram), vanadium.
(b) Non‑alloy free‑cutting steel
Non‑alloy steel containing, by weight, one or more of the following elements in the specified proportions :
‑ 0.08 % or more of sulphur
‑ 0.1 % or more of lead
‑ more than 0.05 % of selenium
‑ more than 0.01 % of tellurium
‑ more than 0.05 % of bismuth.
(c) Silicon‑electrical steel
Alloy steels containing by weight at least 0.6 % but not more than 6 % of silicon and not more than 0.08 % of carbon. They may also contain by weight not more than 1 % of aluminium but no other element in a proportion that would give the steel the characteristics of another alloy steel.
(d) High speed steel
Alloy steels containing, with or without other elements, at least two of the three elements molybdenum, tungsten and vanadium with a combined content by weight of 7 % or more, 0.6 % or more of carbon and 3 to 6 % of chromium.
(e) Silico‑manganese steel
Alloy steels containing by weight :
- not more than 0.7 % of carbon,
- 0.5 % or more but not more than 1.9 % of manganese, and
- 0.6 % or more but not more than 2.3 % of silicon, but no other element in a proportion that would give the steel the characteristics of another alloy steel.
2.‑ For the classification of ferro-alloys in the subheadings of heading 72.02 the following rule should be observed :
A ferro‑alloy is considered as binary and classified under the relevant subheading (if it exists) if only one of the alloy elements exceeds the minimum percentage laid down in Chapter Note 1 (c); by analogy, it is considered respectively as ternary or quaternary if two or three alloy elements exceed the minimum percentage.
For the application of this rule the unspecified “other elements” referred to in Chapter Note 1 (c) must each exceed 10 % by weight.
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